Comparison of methodologies to determination of electrical conductivity and ionic concentration in soils of the province of Buenos Aires
Main Article Content
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the factors that offers the greatest limitations to agricultural exploitation. It occupies second place as the cause of global soil degradation, behind erosion. The determination of Electrical Conductivity (EC) is the indirect methodology most used in the determination of salts. 63 soil samples belonging to the ecological region called Pampa Humid Argentina were used. Sampling, drying and disaggregation of the soils was carried out and then the homogenization, grinding and sieving was carried out for 2 mm. The saturated paste was prepared and divided into four fractions. At the first fraction the EC was measured at 10 min and at 24 h of rest. The second and third fraction was filtered with vacuum at 10 min and 24 h of rest, respectively, to obtain in each case the saturation extract and measure the EC. In the fourth fraction, the quintuple extract was obtained according to Nijensohn, 1988. For low EC values, the results obtained using the methodologies studied are similar. From about 1 dS m-1 begin to diverge. Likewise, it can be seen that there are practically no differences between the EC values up to about 20 dS m-1. Linear regression models were obtained that allow us to estimate the EC at 24 h, as well as the ionic concentration and the RAS in the same extracts based on a methodology that reduces the rest time of the saturated paste and, consequently, the process is streamlined of determination and diagnosis of soil alkalinity.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación del trabajo bajo una licencia Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) que permite a otros compartir con un reconocimiento de la autoría y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores están autorizados a realizar contratos adicionales por separado para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en esta revista.
Se permite a los autores difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente.
References
ABOUKILA, E.F. y NORTON J.B. (2017) Estimation of Saturated Soil Paste Salinity from Soil-Water Extracts.Soil Science 182 (3): 107–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000197. 14-3-2018
ABRISQUETA, C.; ROMERO, M. y LAX A. (1962) Relación entre las concentraciones iónicas y la conductividad de los extractos salinos de los suelos de Murcia. Anales Edaf. y Agrobiol. XXI: 539-544.
ALLRED, B.J.; DANIELS, J.J. y EHSANI M.R. (2008) Handbook of Agricultural Geophysics. CRC Press Taylor y Francis Group.
AMAKOR, X.N.; JACOBSON, A.R.; CARDON, G.E y HAWKS A. (2014) A Comparison of Salinity Measurement Methods Based on Soil Saturated Pastes. Geoderma 219–220: 32–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.010. 10-2-2018.
CASAS, R. y ALBARRACÍN G. (2015) El deterioro del suelo y del ambiente en la Argentina. FECIC. Tomo I (604 p.) y II (452 p.), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
DI RIENZO, J.A.; CASANOVES, F.; BALZARINI, M.G.; GONZALEZ, L.; TABLADA, M.; ROBLEDO, C.W. (2016) InfoStat versión 2016. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Disponible en: http://www.infostat.com.ar. Último acceso: julio de 2018.
FAO. Food y Agriculture Organization (2002a) Crops and drops: making the best use of water for agriculture. FAO Advance Edition. Rome.
FAO. Food y Agriculture Organization (2002b) Agricultural drainage wáter management in arid and semi-arid áreas. FAO Advance Edition. Rome.
FAO. Food y Agriculture Organization (2019) Extent of salt-affected soils. Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-management/manejo-de-suelos-problematicos/suelos-afectados-por-salinidad/more-information-on-salt-affected-soils/es/. Último acceso: junio de 2019.
HARDIE, M. y DOYLE R. (2012) Measuring soil salinity. IN: Sergey, S y TA Cuin (eds.). Plant Salt Tolerance: Methods and Protocols 913:415-25. https://doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-986-0_28.
HE, Y.; DESUTTER, T.; HOPKINS, D.G.;JIA, X.y WYSOCKI D.A. (2013) Predicting EC E of the Saturated Paste Extract from Value of EC 1:5. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93 (5): 585–94. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-080.
HE, Y.;DESUTTER, T.M.; HOPKINS, D.G.; WYSOCKI D.A. y CLAY D.E. (2015) Relationship between 1:5 Soil/Water and Saturated Paste Extract Sodium Adsorption Ratios by Three Extraction Methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal 79 (2): 681. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.09.0384. 12-12-2017.
HOGG, T.J. y HENRY J.L. (1984) Comparison of 1:1 and 1:2 suspensions and extracts with the saturation extract in estimating salinity in Saskatchewan soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 64: 699–704.
LIU, G.M.; YANG, J.S. y YAO R.J. (2006) Electrical Conductivity in Soil Extracts: Chemical Factors and Their Intensity. Pedosphere 16 (1): 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60031-3. 14-3-2018.
MAAS, E.V. y HOFFMAN G.J. (1977) Crop salt tolerance-current assesment. J. Irrig. Drain. Div. ASCE 103: 115-134.
NIJENSOHN, L. (1961) A method for the determination of the cation exchange values in saline calcareous gypseous soils. Trans. Vllth. lntern. Cong. SoilSci. II: 36-44.
NIJENSOHN, L. (1988) Determinación del Nivel de Salinidad Edáfica a partir Del Quintuple Extracto de Saturación. Revista de la Ciencia Del Suelo 6(1): 8-13.
PUCHULU, M.E. (2008) Salinización de los suelos. Su incidencia en la provincia de Tucumán y en la República Argentina. Acta geológica lilloana 21 (1): 81-94
RHOADES, J; F CHANDUVI y LESCH S. (1999). Soil Salinity Assessment Methods and Interpretation of Electrical Conductivity Measurements (57). FAO.
SAMLA. Sistema de Apoyo Metodológico a los Laboratorios de Análisis de Suelos. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación de la Nación Argentina (2004). Dirección de Producción Agrícola. Versión Electrónica. ISBN 987-9184-40-8.
SÁNCHEZ, R.M.; DUNELGUERA, L. y SCHERGER M. (2016) Evaluación de las áreas bajo riego afectadas por salinidad y/o sodicidad en Argentina. Ediciones INTA
SIEBERT,S.;HOOGEVEN,J. y FRENKEN K. (2006) Irrigation in Africa, Europeand Latin America. Update of the digital global map of irrigation areas to versión (4): 135.
SLAVICH, P.G. y PETTERSON G.H. (1990) Estimating Average Rootzone Salinity from Electromagnetic Induction (Em-38) Measurements. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28 (3): 453–63. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9900453. 5-3-2018.
SMEDEMA, L.K. y RYCROFT D.W. (1988) Modern land drainage: Planning, design and management of agricultural drainage systems. CRC Press.
SONMEZ, S.; BUYUKTAS, D.; OKTUREN, F. y CITAK S. (2008) Assessment of Different Soil to Water Ratios (1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5) in Soil Salinity Studies. Geoderma 144 (1–2): 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.005.
TUCKER, B.M. y BEATTY H.J. (1974) Conductivity and Chorides in Methods for analisys of irrigated soil. Tech communication N°54. Commonwealth Bureau of soil pp. 100-101.
USSL. United States Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954) Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agriculture Handbook 60. USDA.
VISCONTI,F.; DE PAZ, J.M. y RUBIO J.L. (2010) What Information Does the Electrical Conductivity of Soil Water Extracts of 1 to 5 Ratio (w/v) Provide for Soil Salinity Assessment of Agricultural Irrigated Lands?. Geoderma 154 (3–4): 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.012. 5-3-2018.
ZALBA, P.; GARAY, M.; AMIOTTI, N. y ARES A. (2013) Improved field method for estimating soil salinity. Union and Australia in Land Area Occupied by Salt-Affected 31 (2): 265–69.
ZHANG, H.; SCHRODER, J.L.; PITTMAN, J.J.; WANG, J.J. y PAYTON M.E. (2005) Soil Salinity Using Saturated Paste and 1:1 Soil to Water Extracts. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69 (4): 1146. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0267.
ZHU, J.K (2012) Plant Salt Tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 6 (2): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01838-0. 10-3-2018.