Efeitos individuais e de mistura de glyphosate e clorpirifos em organismos indicadores em um ecossistema de pequena escala
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Os efeitos individuais e mistos de glyphosate e chlorpyrifos em Octolasion cyaneum, Porcellio scaber e Brassica napus foram avaliados. A unidade experimental consistiu de um cilindro de PVC com 3 kg de solo e foram introduzidos 10 indivíduos de O. cyaneum, 8 de P. scaber e 10 sementes de B. napus. Os tratamentos foram: 960, 4800 e 9600 g de glifosato ha-1, 576, 2880 e 5760 g de clorpirifos ha-1 e suas combinações. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com 6 repetições e o bioensaio foi realizado em câmara a 20 ± 2 ° C e com fotoperíodo de 14 h de luz: 10 h de escuridão. Aos 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA), o número de O. cyaneum vivo não variou entre os tratamentos (p = 0,307). As maiores porcentagens de dano em O. cyaneum foram encontradas com clorpirifos (p = 0,021). A proporção de O. cyaneum na faixa de profundidade diferiu apenas entre 0 - 10 cm (p = 0,031). Aos 5, 7 e 28 DAA, o maior percentual de P. scaber morto foi obtido com clorpirifos (p <0,05), encontrandose valores superiores a 70%. A porcentagem de emergência aos 7 dias após a semeadura (DAS) como porcentagem de plantas totais, altura, massa fresca e seca de plantas de B. napus diferiu entre os tratamentos aos 28 DAS (p <0,001), obtendo os maiores valores com clorpirifos. Em conclusão, clorpirifos, sozinho ou com glyphosate, causou efeito letal em P. scaber e efeitos subletais em O. cyaneum como em B. napus.
Downloads
Detalhes do artigo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação do trabalho sob uma licença Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) que permite que outros compartilhem com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. Os autores estão autorizados a celebrar contratos adicionais separados para a distribuição não exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado nesta revista. Autores estão autorizados a divulgar seus trabalhos eletronicamente.
Referências
ARREGUI, M.C., PURICELLI, E. (2008). Mecanismo de acción de plaguicidas. Acquaint, Rosario, Argentina. 208 p.
AZEVEDO, H., GOMES, C., PINTO, G., FERNANDES, J., LOUREIRO, S., SANTOS, C. (2005). Cadmium effects on sunflower growth and photosynthesis. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28(12), 2211-2220.
Buch, A. C., Brown, G. G., Niva, C. C., Sautterc, K. D. y Sousa, J. P. (2013) Toxicity of three pesticides commonly used in Brazil to Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) and Eisenia andrei (Bouché, 1972). Applied Soil Ecology, 69, 32-38.
CASABÉ, N., PIOLA, L., FUCHS, J., ONETO, M. L., PAMPARATO, L., BASACK, S., JIMÉNEZ, R., MASSARO, R., PAPA, J. C. Y KESTEN, E. (2007) Ecotoxicological assessment of the effects of Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos in an Argentine soya field. Journal Soils Sediments, 7(4), 232-239.
CASAFE. (2021) Guía de productos fitosanitarios para la República Argentina. Cámara de Sanidad Agropecuaria y Fertilizantes. Versión Digital de la Guía de Productos Fitosanitarios - CASAFE - Disponible en: https://guiaonline.casafe.org/index.php/ms_session_manager [Acceso: 15 de julio de 2021].
CORREIA, F.V. Y MOREIRA, J.C. (2010) Effects of Glyphosate and 2,4-D on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in Laboratory Tests. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85, 264-268.
De Laender, F., De Schamphelaere, K.A.C., Vanrolleghem, P.A. y Janssen, C. R. (2009) Comparing ecotoxicological effect concentrations of chemicals establishedin multi-species vs. single-species toxicity test systems. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72, 310-315.
DE SILVA, P. M. C. S. Y VAN GESTEL, C. A. M. (2009) Comparative sensitivity of Eisenia andrei and Perionyx excavatus in earthworm avoidance tests using two soil types in the tropics. Chemosphere, 77, 1609-1613.
DI FIORI, E. (2014). Impacto conjunto de dos agentes antropogénicos de cambio ambiental: efecto del herbicida glifosato y del mejillón invasor Limnoperna fortunei en ecosistemas de agua Dulce. Tesis doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 190p.
FABERI, A.J., LÓPEZ, A.N., CLEMENTE, N. Y MANETTI, P.L. (2011) Importance of diet in the growth, survivorship and reproduction of the no-tillage pest Armadillidium vulgare (Crustacea: Isopoda). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 84, 407- 417.
GARCIA SANTOS, G. Y KELLER-FORRER, K. (2011). Avoidance behaviour of Eisenia fetida to carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and metamidophos in natural soils from the highlands of Colombia. Chemosphere, 84(5), 651-656.
GISMANO, L. (2020) Control de Lolium multiflorum (raigrás) Presumiblemente Resistente a Glifosato. Tesis de postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 77p.
GÓMEZ ORTIZ, A.M., OKADA, E., BEDMAR, F. Y COSTA, J.L. (2017). Sorption and desorption of glyphosate in Mollisols and Ultisols soils of Argentina. Environmental Toxicology and Chemestry, 36(10), 2587-2592.
GUPTA, S. K. Y SUNDARARAMAN, V. (1991) Correlation between burrowing capability and AChE activity in the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, on exposure to carbaryl. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 46(6), 859-865.
KASPAR, J. (2014) Susceptibilidad de Octolasion cyaneum (Saveny, 1826) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) a la exposición de los insecticidas más utilizados en agricultura [tesis de grado, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata]. 44p.
HANLEY, M. E. Y WHITING, M. D. (2005) Insecticides and arable weeds: effects on germination and seedling growth. Ecotoxicology, 14, 483-490.
IACOVELLI, J., SALVIO, C., MANETTI, P.L., CLEMENTE, N.L. Y FABERI, A.J. (2017) Efecto combinado de Glifosato y Sulfoxaflor sobre Octolasion cyaneum (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). V Congreso Nacional de Ecología y Biología de Suelo, Noviembre 2017, Luján, Argentina. 8p.
IANNACONE, J. Y ALVARIÑO, L. (2004) Eisenia fetida (Savegny, 1826) (Annelida: Lumbricidae) como modelo ecotoxicológico para evaluar lindano y clorpirifos. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 48(1-2), 5-12.
LAVELLE, P., DECAËNS, T., AUBERT, M., BAROT, S., BLOUIN, M., BUREAU, F., MARGARIE, P., MORA, P. Y ROSSI, J. P. (2006) Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services. European Journal of Soil Biology, 42, 3-15.
LIU, T., CHEN, X., GONG, X., GRIFFITHS, B.S., HU, F. Y LIU, M. (2019) Earthworms coordinate soil biota to improve multiple ecosystem functions. Current Biology, 29, 3420–3429.
LØKKE, H. Y VAN GESTEL, C.A.M. (1998) Handbook of Soil Invertebrate Toxicity Tests. John Wiley y Sons, Chichester.
LOWE, C.N. Y BUTT, K.R. (2008) Life cycle traits of the parthenogenetic earthworm Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826). European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 541- 544.
MAITRE, M.I., RODRÍGUEZ, A.R., MASIN, C.E. Y RICARDO, T. (2012) Evaluation of earthworms present on natural and agricultural-livestock soils of the center northern Litoral santafesino, República Argentina. In R. P. Soundararajan (Ed.), Pesticides Advances in Chemical and Botanical Pesticides (pp. 13-38). Tech Janeza Trdine, Rijeka, Croatia.
MANONO, B. (2016) Agro-ecological role of earthworms (Oligochaetes) in sustainable agriculture and nutrient use efficiency: a review. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 8(1), 1-18.
MARRS, R.H., WILLIAM, C.T., FROST, A.J. Y PLANT, R.A. (1989) Assessment of the effects of herbicide spray drift on a range of plant species of conservation interest. Environmental Pollution, 59, 71-86.
MATSUMURA, F. (1987) Comparative metabolism of mixtures of chemicals by animals, plants and microorganisms and their significance in alteration of pollutants in the environment. En: Vouk, V. B., Buttler, G. C., Upton, A. C., Parke D. V. y Asher A. C. (Eds.), Methods for Assessing the Effects of Mixtures of Chemicals. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 509-522.
MADZARIC, S., KOS, M., DROBNE, D., HOCEVAR, M. Y KOKALJ, A.J. (2018) Integration of behavioral tests and biochemical biomarkers of terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) is a promising methodology for testing environmental safety of chars. Environmental Pollution, 234, 804-811.
MÜLLER, C. (2018) Impacts of sublethal insecticide exposure on insects — Facts and knowledge gaps. Basic and Applied Ecology, 30, 1–10.
NIEMEYER, J.C., BENEDET DE SANTO, F., GUERRA N., FILHO, A.M.R. Y PECH, T. M. (2018) Do recommended doses of glyphosate-based herbicides affect soil invertebrates? Field and laboratory screening tests to risk assessment. Chemosphere, 198, 154-160.
PELOSI, C., BERTRAND, C., DANIELE, G., COEURDASSIER, M., BENOIT, P., NÉLIEU, S., LAFAY, F., BRETAGNOLLE, V., GABA, S., VULLIET, E. Y FRITSCH, C. (2021) Residues of currently used pesticides in soils and earthworms: A silent threat? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 305, 107167.
PIOLA, L., FUCHS, J., ONETO, M. L., BASACK, S., KESTEN, E. Y CASABÉ, N. (2013) Comparative toxicity of two glyphosate-based formulations to Eisenia andrei under laboratory conditions. Chemosphere, 91, 545-551.
PLAAS, E., MEYER-WOLFARTH, F., BANSE, M., BENGTSSON, J., BERGMANN, H., FABER, J., POTTHOFF, M., RUNGE, T., SCHRADER, S. Y TAYLOR, A. (2019) Towards valuation of biodiversity in agricultural soils: A case for earthworms. Ecological Economics, 159, 291–300.
OLSZYK, D., PFLEEGER, T., LEE, H.E. Y PLOCHER, M. (2010) Phytotoxicity assay for seed production using Brassica rapa L. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 6, 725-734.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. (2017) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. r Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. Version R 3.4.3.
RAFAEL, S.E., SALVIO, C., MANETTI, P.L., CLEMENTE, N.L. Y LÓPEZ, A.N. (2015) Susceptibilidad de Octolasion cyaneum (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) expuesta a clorpirifos. Revista Ciencia del Suelo, 33(2), 173-181.
RANA, Z.A., SHAZHAD, M.A., MALIK, N.A. Y SALEEM, A. (2007) Efficacy of different insecticides and DC-Plus against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt). Journal of Agricultural Research, 45, 221-224.
RAO, J.V., PAVAN, Y.S. Y MADHAVENDRA, S.S. (2003) Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on morphology and acetylcholinesterase activity in the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 54, 296-301.
REINECKE, S. Y REINECKE, A. (2007) Biomarker response and biomass change of earthworms exposed to chlorpyrifos in microcosms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66, 92-101.
SALVIO, C., MANETTI, P.L., CLEMENTE, N.L., MENONE, M. Y LÓPEZ, A.N. (2015a) Toxicidad subletal de clorpirifos sobre Octolasion cyaneum (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Agriscientia, 32(2), 131-138.
SALVIO, C., MENONE, M., RAFAEL, S., ITURBURU, G. Y MANETTI, P.L. (2015b) Survival, reproduction, avoidance behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers in the earthworm Octolasion cyaneum exposed to glyphosate. Bulletin of Environment Contamination and Toxicology, doi: 10.1007/s00128-015-1700-8.
SALVIO, C., MANETTI, P.L., CLEMENTE, N.L. Y LÓPEZ, A.N. (2015c) Efectos de clorpirifos, cipermetrina y glifosato sobre Milax gagates (Mollusca: Pulmonata) y Armadillidium vulgare (Crustacea: Isopoda). Ciencias Agronómicas, 26(2), 43-48.
SANTOS, M.J.G., FERREIRA, N.G.C., SOARES, A.M.V.M. Y LOUREIRO, S. (2011a) Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 74, 1994-2001.
SANTOS, M.J.G., FERREIRA, N.G.C., SOARES, A.M.V.M. Y LOUREIRO, S. (2011b) Evaluation of the combined effects of dimethoate and spirodiclofen on plants and earthworms in a designed microcosm experiment. Applied Soil Ecology, 48, 294-300.
SANTOS, M.J.G., SOARES, A.M.V.M. Y LOUREIRO, S. (2011c) Joint toxicity of three plant protection products to Triticum aestivum (L.) and Brassica rapa (L.). Journal Soils Sediments, 11, 990-999.
SARWAR, M., AHMAD, N., SIDDIQUI, Q.H. Y RAJPUT, A.A. (2003) Efficienccy of different chemicals on canola strain rainbow (Brassica napus L.) for aphids control. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2, 831-833.
SASAL, M.C., DEMONTE, L., CISLAGHI, A., GABIOUD, E. A., OSZUST, J.D., WILSON, M.G., MICHLIG, N., BELDOMÉNICO, H.R. Y REPETTI, M.R. (2015) Glyphosate loss by runoff and its relationship with phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, doi:10.1021/jf505533r.
SENASA. (2021) Listado actualizado a agosto de 2021. Disponible en: https: // www. argentina.gob.ar/ senasa/programas-sanitarios/productosveterinarios-fitosanitarios-y-fertilizantes/registro-nacional-de-terapeutica-vegetal [Acceso: 15 de agosto de 2021].
SILVA, M.A., ARAGÃO, N.A., BARBOSA, M.A., MARQUES, J.E. Y DOMINGUES, C.S. (2009) Efeito hormótico de gliphosate no desenvolvimento inicial de cana-de-açúcar. Bragantia, Campinas, 68 (4), 973-978.
STUDDERT, G.A. Y ECHEVERRÍA, H.E. (2000) Maíz, girasol y soja en los sistemas de cultivo del sudeste bonaerense. En: Andrade F. H. y Sadras V. (Eds.), Bases para el manejo del maíz, el girasol y la soja. EEA Balcarce INTA-FCA, UNMdP, Balcarce, Argentina, 407-437.
TIWARI, R.K., SINGH, S. Y PANDEY R.S. (2019) Assessment of acute toxicity and biochemical responses to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination exposed earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. Toxicology Reports, 6, 288–297.
von Mérey, G., Manson, P., Mehrsheikh, A., Sutton, P. y Levine, S.L. (2016) Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid chronic risk assessment for soil biota. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35 (11), 2742–2752.
YASMIN, S. Y D’SOUZA, D. (2007) Effect of pesticides on the reproductive output of Eisenia fetida. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79(5), 529-532.
ZHOU, S., DUAN, C., GI MICHELLE, W.H., YANG, F. Y WANG, X. (2011) Individual and combined toxic efects of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on earthworm. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(4), 676-680.
ZHOU, C.F., WANG, Y.J., LI, C.C., SUN, R.J., YU, Y.C. Y ZHOU, D.M. (2013) Subacute toxicity of copper and glyphosate and their interaction to earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Environmental Pollution, 180, 71-77.