In vitro propagation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) through direct somatic embryogenesis with reference to types of explants and plant growth regulators: A review
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Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. Although it is a sterile triploid plant, it exhibits vigorous herbaceous growth mostly due to its underground rhizomes which are used for various purposes because of their physical and chemical properties. Turmeric is propagated vegetatively through the rhizomes; however, multiplication rate is low. On the other hand, in vitro propagation techniques are being successfully used for mass propagation of Zingiber species directly or indirectly through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Direct plant regeneration is the desired method to regenerate genetically stable plants. In direct somatic embryogenesis, somatic cells directly differentiate into somatic embryos having bipolar structures. Since studies on direct somatic embryogenesis of turmeric are very limited, this review summarizes the current understanding of different aspects of somatic embryogenesis of turmeric and main regulating factors affecting it.
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